Which method is effective for improving soil fertility?

Incorporating organic matter like compost is an effective method for improving soil fertility due to several key reasons. Compost enriches the soil by adding essential nutrients and improving its overall structure. When organic matter decomposes, it releases nutrients in a form that plants can readily absorb, creating a more fertile environment for growth.

Additionally, organic matter enhances the soil's ability to retain moisture, which is critical for plant health, especially in areas with variable rainfall. It also promotes beneficial microbial activity and enhances soil aeration, leading to better root development. The presence of diverse microorganisms in compost can help in the breakdown of nutrients and improve soil health over time.

In contrast, solely adding chemical fertilizers can lead to short-term nutrient availability but often fails to improve the soil structure or enhance microbial life in the long run. While using rocks or native plants may offer some benefits in specific contexts, they do not directly enhance soil fertility in the same comprehensive manner as incorporating organic matter does.