What term refers to the main stem that forms the axis of a woody plant?

The term that refers to the main stem that forms the axis of a woody plant is known as the leader. In botanical terminology, the leader is the primary vertical stem of a tree or shrub that is responsible for upward growth. It typically determines the overall shape and form of the plant, often becoming the tallest part as it grows. This central stem serves as the core from which other branches develop, helping to establish the plant's structure and biomass.

In contrast, lateral structures refer to branches or segments that grow away from the main axis, while the root is the part of the plant that anchors it to the soil and absorbs nutrients and water. Understanding the role of the leader is crucial for concepts related to plant health, pruning practices, and landscape design, as it significantly influences a plant's growth pattern and aesthetic appeal.