What is the term for a plant or variety that produces both male and female flowers?

The term that describes a plant or variety that produces both male and female flowers is "monoecious." Monoecious plants have separate male and female flowers, but both types occur on the same individual plant. This allows for self-pollination or cross-pollination with another monoecious plant.

Understanding plant reproductive systems is important for gardeners and landscapers as it influences plant selection, breeding, and the design of landscapes for biodiversity. In contrast, dioecious plants have distinct male and female plants, which means both need to be present for fertilization and seed production. The term "polygamous" generally refers to plants that can have various forms of sexual reproduction and typically does not specify the production of male and female flowers on the same plant. "Hermaphroditic" refers to individual flowers that contain both male and female reproductive structures, which differs from the clearer separation observed in monoecious plants. Thus, "monoecious" is the precise term for plants with both types of flowers on the same plant.