What happens during the process of germination?

During the process of germination, roots start to form as the seed absorbs moisture from the soil, which initiates metabolic activity within the seed. This metabolic activity leads to the activation of enzymes that break down stored food within the seed, providing energy for growth. As a result of this process, the embryonic root, known as the radicle, develops first and begins to grow downward into the soil, anchoring the plant and allowing it to access water and nutrients. This is a critical phase in a plant's life cycle, as it marks the transition from a dormant seed to an actively growing plant.

The other options do not accurately describe germination. A seed ceasing to grow would indicate dormancy or death rather than germination. The process of flowering occurs much later in a plant’s lifecycle, after it has matured and developed sufficient leaves and stems. Similarly, leaves dropping is a sign of stress or dormancy in established plants rather than a part of the germination process. Thus, the formation of roots is indeed the key aspect of germination.